Ikinamiro ya nyuma mubuhanga bwo guhanga ikoranabuhanga kuriinganda z'umuringaByabaye mumyaka 20 yambere yiki kinyejana, iyo ubucukuzi bwambere bufunguye, kwibanda kuri flotation, hamwe na reverimarasoni ya reverte yahinduwe kuri porphyry ores.

Usibye gufunga-solves extrac tion-electrowin, uburyo bwibanze bwa kopi ku musaruro wakomeje guhinduka imyaka 65. Byongeye kandi, batandatu muri minamire yafunguwe iba tween 1900 naho 1920 baracyari mu bapperatike bakomeye bo muri Amerika muri Amerika.

Aho gusimbuka gusiga imbere, udushya twikoranabuhanga mu nganda z'umuringa mu myaka 65 ishize hahingwaga ahanini ku mpinduka ziyongera zemerera ibigo gukoresha amabuye y'icyiciro cyo hasi kandi uhore kugabanya amafaranga yo gutanga umusaruro. Ubukungu bwikigereranyo bwabaye ukuri

ized mubice byose byumusaruro wumuringa. Umusaruro wa Ma Chine numuntu wayongereye cyane.

This chapter briefly describes the technology for producing copper, from exploration, through mining and milling, to smelting and refining or solvent extraction and electrowinning. Igice cya gitangira gifite incamake yamateka ya kopi ya comp. Noneho, kuri buri

Icyiciro mu musaruro w'umuringa, isuzuma ubukode bwa Con-Ubukorikori, igaragaza iterambere rya techlologiya n'ubushakashatsi mu bihe bizaza n'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere, kandi ste ce cusse akamaro ko guhangana n'inganda z'Amerika. Igishushanyo 6-1

yerekana impapuro za PyrometAllurgical 'na hydrometlogical

Umusaruro w'umuringa. Imbonerahamwe 6-1 na 6-2 itanga incamake ya capsie yiyi nzira.

1 Pyrometaiuruburgy ni ugukuramo metai kuva kuri ORES hanyuma utekereze kuri brates ukoresheje imiti ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru.

2 Hydrometrigy ni ukugarura metais kuva kuri ores ukoresheje ibisubizo bishingiye kumazi.

Nko mu mwaka wa 6000 BC, umuringa kavukire - icyuma cyiza - wasangaga nk'amabuye atukura mu gace ka Med Iternenean kandi inyundo mu bikoresho, intwaro, n'ibikoresho. Ahagana mu 5000 BC, abanyabukorikori bavumbuye ko ubushyuhe bukora umuringa. Guterera no gushonga umuringa byatangiye hafi 4000-3500 mbere (reba Ishusho 6-2). Hafi ya 2500 BC, umuringa wahujwe hamwe na TIN kugirango umuringa - amonyo aremeye intwaro n'ibikoresho bikomeye. Umuringa, Umuyoboro w'umuringa na Zinc, birashoboka ko utateye imbere kugeza saa tatu zamamaza

Umuringa wa mbere (bitandukanye no kuboneka hasi) mu kibaya cya Timna muri Isiraheli - agace k'ubutayu byemera ko ari urubuga rw'Umwami Solo Mon (reba Ishusho 6-3). Abanyafenisiya n'abahakanyi, bakora ibirombe bikomeye kuri Kupuro no mu gace ka Rio Tinto wo mu majyepfo ya Espagne, byatumye habaho iterambere rya mbere mu muringa gukura no gucukura amabuye y'agaciro. Kurugero, Romin yasanze imirambo hafi 100 ziterwa nimibiri ya ore mukarere ka Rio Tinto Copper. Abakozi ba Gezo ba none basanze gusa kubitsa hiyongera, kandi hafi yumusaruro ugezweho wa Rio TINTO kuva ukomoka muri Ore wabimenyeraga mbere.

3 kuri Rio Tinto, abona batuye hejuru, ox yamugaye, igice cyibuye kandi cyegeranya ibisubizo by'indege ya buri muranga byakozwe n'amazi bireba mu mibiri yoroheje. Iyo moon bigaruriraga iki gice cya Espanye mugihe cyimyaka yo hagati, amafirime ya oxide yari amaze kunanirwa. kuri Rio TINTO mu kinyejana cya 20.

Mu Bwongereza, umuringa n'amabati yakoraga mu rukuta rw'ibigori kandi acuruza hamwe n'Abanyafenisiya hakiri 1500 BC Abahanyutse bazanye tekinike y'amagambo y'ubwongereza.