Iterambere ryanyuma mu guhanga udushya kuriinganda z'umuringabyabayeho mu myaka mirongo ibiri yambere yikinyejana, igihe ubucukuzi bwacukuwe, kwibumbira hamwe, hamwe na smelter ya reverberatory byahujwe nubutare bwumuringa wa porphyry.

Usibye kumeneka-gukuramo amashanyarazi tion-electrowinning, uburyo bwibanze bwa kopi kumusaruro ntibumaze imyaka 65 idahindutse. Byongeye kandi, bitandatu mu birombe byafunguwe hagati ya 1900 na 1920 biracyari mu bicuruzwa bikomeye by’umuringa muri Amerika muri iki gihe.

Aho gusimbuka gukomeye, guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga mu nganda z'umuringa mu myaka 65 ishize bigizwe ahanini n’impinduka ziyongera zemerera ibigo gukoresha amabuye yo mu rwego rwo hasi no gukomeza kugabanya ibiciro by’umusaruro. Ubukungu bwikigereranyo bwabaye impamo

ize mubyiciro byose byo gukora umuringa. Byombi ma chine numusaruro wabantu byiyongereye cyane.

Iki gice gisobanura muri make tekinoroji yo gukora umuringa, kuva mubushakashatsi, binyuze mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro no gusya, kugeza gushonga no gutunganya cyangwa gukuramo ibishishwa hamwe na electrowinning. Igice ter gitangirana nincamake yamateka ya kopi mugutezimbere ikoranabuhanga. Hanyuma, kuri buri

icyiciro mu musaruro wumuringa, irasuzuma ubukode bwikigero cya kijyambere, ikagaragaza iterambere rya tekinoloji ya vuba, isuzuma iterambere rishobora kubaho ejo hazaza hamwe nubushakashatsi nibikenewe mu iterambere, ikanagaragaza akamaro ko gukomeza gutera imbere mu guhangana n’inganda zo muri Amerika. Igicapo 6-1

Yerekana-urupapuro rwa pyrometallurgical 'na hydrometallurgical

Umusaruro 2 wumuringa. Imbonerahamwe 6-1 na 6-2 zitanga incamake ya capsule yibi bikorwa.

1 PyrometaIIurjiya ni ikuramoIon ya metaI iva mu bucukuzi bwa anD conen trates ukoresheje imiti yubushyuhe bwinshi.

2 Hydrometallurgie nugusubirana metaIs ziva mumabuye ukoresheje ibisubizo bishingiye kumazi.

Nko mu 6000 mbere ya Yesu, umuringa kavukire - icyuma cyera - wasangaga ari amabuye atukura mu gace ka Med iterranean hanyuma akomekwa mu bikoresho, intwaro, n'ibikoresho. Ahagana mu 5000 mbere ya Yesu, abanyabukorikori bavumbuye ko ubushyuhe bwatumaga umuringa ushoboka. Gutera no gushonga umuringa byatangiye ahagana mu 4000-3500 mbere ya Yesu (reba ishusho 6-2). Ahagana mu 2500 mbere ya Yesu, umuringa wahujwe n'amabati kugirango ukore umuringa - umusemburo watumaga intwaro n'ibikoresho bikomeye. Umuringa, uruvange rw'umuringa na zinc, birashoboka ko rutakozwe kugeza 300 nyuma ya Yesu

Umuringa wacukuwe bwa mbere (bitandukanye no kuboneka hasi) mu kibaya cya Timna muri Isiraheli - ahantu h'ubutayu havugwa ko ariho hacukurwaga amabuye y'agaciro ya King Solo mon (reba ishusho ya 6-3). Abanyafenisiya na Remans, bakoraga mu birombe binini muri Kupuro no mu gace ka Rio Tinto gaherereye mu majyepfo ya Esipanye, bateye imbere hakiri kare mu gucukura umuringa no mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Kurugero, Ro mans yasanze imibiri yubucukuzi bwa lens hafi 100 mukarere ka Rio Tinto. Abahanga mu bumenyi bwa geologiya bavumbuye gusa andi mafaranga yabitswe, kandi hafi ya Rio Tinto yose agezweho yavuye mu bucukuzi bwa mbere bwavumbuwe na Remans.

3 I Rio Tinto, Remans yacukuye hejuru, impfizi ishushanya, igice cyamabuye y'agaciro hanyuma ikusanya ibisubizo byumuringa Iaden byakozwe namazi byinjira buhoro buhoro byinjira mumibiri ya suIfide. Igihe Abamorori bigaruriraga kariya gace ka Espagne mu gihe cyagati rwagati, amabuye ya oxyde yari yararushye cyane. Twigiye ku bunararibonye bw'Abaroma hamwe n’inyanja, Abamorori bateje imbere urwobo rucukuye, gutobora ibirundo, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ry’imvura ikomeza gukoreshwa. i Rio Tinto mu kinyejana cya 20.

Mu Bwongereza, umuringa n'amabati byakoreshwaga mu rukuta rw'ibigori kandi bigacuruzwa n'Abanyafoyinike nko mu 1500 mbere ya Yesu.